1. A procedure for critical evaluation; a means of determining the presence, quality, or truth of something; a trial: a test of one's eyesight; subjecting a hypothesis to a test; a test of an athlete's endurance.
2. A series of questions, problems, or physical responses designed to determine knowledge, intelligence, or ability.
3. A basis for evaluation or judgment: “A test of democratic government is how Congress and the president work together” (Haynes Johnson).
4. Chemistry.
   1. A physical or chemical change by which a substance may be detected or its properties ascertained.
   2. A reagent used to cause or promote such a change.
   3. A positive result obtained.
5. A cupel.

Source attribution: http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=test